Ashabul ijma’i: wasu adadin marawaitan hadisan A’imma ne da malamai sukayi ittifaki kan ingancin dukkanin abinda suka rawaito.

 

Malaman shi’a sun yi ittifaki kan ingancin dukkanin hadisan da Ashabul ijma’ai suka inganta da gasgatu kan abinda suke fadi, haka na an tabbatar da tsinkanyensu cikin fikihu.

 

Dabaka ta farko daga Ashabul Ijma sune sahabban Imam Bakir da Imam Sadik (a.s):

1-Zurara

2-Buraidu

3- Muhammad ibn Muslim

4-Abu Basir Asadi wasu suna kiransa da Abu Basir Muradi ma’ana Laisu bn Buhtari

5-Fadilu bn Yasar

6-Ma’aruf bn Karbuz

Sannan ance mafi ilimi cikin shida shine Zurara Allah ya karama masa yarda

 

Dabaka ta biyu wadanda sun kasance daga sahabban Imam Sadik (a.s) sune:

 

1-   Jamil bn Darraj, a ra’ayin Sa’alabatu bn Maimunatu Jamil Bn Darraj shine mafi iliminsu

2-   Abanu bn Usmanu

3-   Abdullah bn Muskan

4-   Abdullah bn Bakir

5-   Hammad bn Isa

6-   Hammad bn Usman

 

Dabaka ta uku sun kasance daga sahabban Imam Kazim da Imam Rida (as) sune:

 

1-   Yunus bn Abdurrahm wanda ake kira da Sufwanu wanda shine mafi ilimin cikinsu

2-   Sufwanu bn Yahaya Bayya’us Sabiri

3-   Hassan bn Mahbub wasu kuma na kiransa da Hassan bn Ali bn Faddal wanda yayi wafati a 224, a wani kaolin kuma ance shine Fudalatu bn Ayyub, sannan wasu sun sanya Usman bn Isa a gurbin Hassan bn Mahbub.

4-   Muhammad bn Umairu

5-   Abdullahi bn Mugira

6-   Ahmad bn Muhammad bn Nasar Zaidu Bazandi wanda yayi wafati a 221.

7-    

Hakika babban Masanin addinin muslunci Allamatu Fahhamatu Sayyid Mahadi Baharul ulum ya kyawunta cikin fadinsa: lallai dukkanin malaman imamiyya sun yi ijma’ai da ittifaki kan ingancin dukkanin abinda wadannan malaman hadisin suka fada, lallai sune ma’abota daukaka da tsira, hudu da biyar da tara, shida daga cikinsu suna daga manya-manya, hudu daga cikinsu turaku ne, sune Zuraratu da Buraidu da ya zo bayan  sunansa sannan Muhammad da Laisu a kai dan saurayi mai saurare na hakama Fudailu da Ma’aruf ya zo a jerin bayansa shine dai sannane tsakankaninmu, sai kuma shida tsakiya ma’abota falala na jeranta su mafi kusa daga na farko-farko: Jamilu tareda Abanu da Abdullahi sannan Hammad, sai kuma daya shidan sune: Sufwanu da Yunusa Allah ya yarda da su sannan Ibn Mahbub haka ma Muhammad da Abdullahi sannan Ahmad abinda muka ambata shine mafi inganci wurinmu sannan wand aya saba damu ya ratsewa ra’ayinmu

 

Siffofin hadisi:

Sannan ka sani shi hadisi a kason farko-farko yana siffantuwa da dayan siffofi hudu sune: Sahihi, Hasanun, muwassak, da’ifi.

Amma sahihi: shine hadisin da sanadinsa ya kai ga Ma’asumi (a.s) ta hanyar nakaltowar adali `dan imamiyya daga misalinsa cikin dukkanin dabakoki masu tarin yawa.

 

Amma hasanu: shine hadisin da sanadinsa ya kai ga Ma’asumi (as.) da nakaltowar `dan imamiya yababb, daga yabon halinsa, cewa shi ya rawaito daga Imami ko kuma shine ma’abocin asalin kalmomin hujjojin Allah (a.s) ko kuma shine shehin riwayar ko kuma yana rawaitowa daga ingantattu, ko kuma yanada izini daga ingantacce, ko kuma ya bada izini kan ingantacce da dai makamantan haka daga cikin abinda yake nuni zuwa ga lafiyarsa da ta akidarsa, ko da ba a yabe shi da Kalmar yabo da nassin kan kasantuwarsa daga adalai ba amma dai babu zargi kansa koma bayan sauran daga mazaje marawaitan sahihin hadisi, lallai shi yana siffantuwa da kyawu alal akalla.

 

Muwassak: shine cewa marawaici ya kasance daga bangaren Ahlis-sunna sai dai cewa tare da hakan malaman hadisanmu sun wassaka shi sun yarda shi.

 

Da’ifi: shine hadisin da sharudda da suka gabata basu tabbatu kansa ba bai cika suba, misali a isnadin hadisin a samu mutum mai matsala ko kuma wanda ba a san kowaye ba ko kuma a sanu makaryaci mai kagar hadisi da dai makamantan haka daga abubuwan da suke nuni da zargi a bayyane karara ko kuma a kinayance